Westbound imbalance: four to one on the Middle Corridor

ADY Express via MrEast (20 Sep 2026): Jan–Aug 53,574 TEU (+11%); ~80% westbound (42,642) vs 10,932 eastbound. ADY adviser Emil Mammadov: backhaul from Europe/Türkiye is required to cut empty returns. Example: May Izmir→China fridge train (KTZ Express / Pasifik Eurasia, 50 boxes via Altynkol). For OOG, empty reverse legs also mean costly repositioning of lowbeds and gear — industrial eastbound cargo helps the same ferry/road chain.